DINÂMICAS DE DESENVOLVIMENTO DA PISCICULTURA E POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS NO VALE DO RIBEIRA, ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO

Resumo

O artigo analisa a ligação existente entre as políticas públicas e o desenvolvimento da piscicultura no Vale do Ribeira. A trajetória da piscicultura foi reconstruída com base na caracterização, em quatro períodos, das interações entre a produção, a ciência, a formação e o financiamento, quatro pólos de competência que constituem as bases de um sistema local de inovação. Um sistema com essas características surgiu em uma das cidades do Vale do Ribeira, constituindo o núcleo a partir do qual a inovação se desenvolveu. Ele se ampliou, mas as relações mudaram de natureza, passando a ser estritamente comerciais, o que não permitiu criar uma capacidade de inovação coletiva capaz de enfrentar a crise econômica da piscicultura.

Termos para indexação: piscicultura, políticas públicas, sistema local de inovação, sociologia da inovação, Brasil.

DYNAMICS OF FRESHWATER FINFISH AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT AND PUBLIC POLICIES IN THE RIBEIRA WATERSHED, SÃO PAULO STATE, BRAZIL
ABSTRACT

The existing relationship between public policies and development of finfish freshwater aquaculture within the Ribeira watershed was analysed by interviewing key stakeholders, reviewing official documents and newspapers. Based on their technical characteristics and final outputs, 20 producers were also selected for a detailed survey of their evolution. The trajectory of aquaculture was reconstructed by referring to interactions between the four competency poles that usually make the background of an innovative local system (ILS): production, science, training and funding. The initial step was the introduction of aquaculture and its diffusion within a small group. Later on, a large public policy (technical assistance, applied research) emerged after a controversial period about the Brazilian agricultural model. An ILS only appeared during a third step joining all four poles in a single municipality. This made a core from which the innovative process spread throughout the watershed. This system enlarged but the relationships became more commercially oriented. As prices dropped, these new relationships were never able to face the crisis by using the former collective innovative capacity. To analyse such trajectories, the sociology of innovation and the ILS concept appear to be a relevant tool which allows to identify key elements of the dynamics of the aquaculture within the Ribeira valley, to evaluate the impact of public policy and to propose some recommendations to implement development policies.

Index terms: freshwater aquaculture development, public policy, local innovative system, innovation sociology, Brazil.

DYNAMIQUES DE DÉVELOPPEMENT DE LA PISCICULTURE ET POLITIQUES
PUBLIQUES DANS LA VALLÉE DU RIBEIRA, ÉTAT DE SÃO PAULO (BRÉSIL)
RÉSUMÉ

L'article analyse le lien existant entre les politiques publiques et le développement de la pisciculture dans la vallée du Ribeira. La trajectoire de la pisciculture a été reconstruite à partir de la caractérisation, à diverses périodes, des interactions entre la production, la science, la formation et le financement, quatre pôles de compétences qui constituent les bases d'un système local d'innovation. Un tel système a finalement émergé dans une des communes de la vallée, constituant le noyau à partir duquel l'innovation s'est développée. Il s'est élargi, mais les relations ont changé de nature, pour devenir strictement marchandes, ce qui n'a pas permis de créer une capacité d'innovation collective capable de faire face à la baisse des prix.

Termes d'indexation: pêche et aquaculture, territoire, foncier, politique agricole et alimentaire, pisciculture.